MyBatis
""
1.简介
1.1、什么是Mybatis
MyBatis 是一款优秀的持久层框架
它支持自定义 SQL、存储过程以及高级映射
如何获取MyBatis
maven:https://mvnrepository.com/search?q=Mybatis
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis --> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>3.5.9</version> </dependency>
1.2、持久层
- 持久化就是程序的数据在持久状态和瞬时状态转化的过程
Dao层,Serviceceng,Controller层......
- 完成持久化工作的代码块
- 界限十分明显
- 优点:
- 简单易学
- 灵活
- sql和代码的分离,提高了可维护性
- 提供映射标签,支持对象与数据库的orm字段关系映射
- 提供对象关系映射标签,支持对象关系组件维护
- 提供xml标签,支持编写动态sql
2.Mybatis程序
搭建环境>导入Mybatis>编写代码>测试
2.1、搭建环境
搭建数据库
CREATE DATABASE `mybatis`;
USE `mybatis`;
CREATE TABLE `user`(
`id` INT(20) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
`name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`pwd` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL
)ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8
INSERT INTO USER(`id`,`name`,`pwd`) VALUES
(1,'admin','123456'),
(2,'admin','123456'),
(3,'admin','123456')
新建项目
1.新建普通maven项目
2.删除src目录
3.导入maven依赖
<!--导入依赖-->
<dependencies>
<!-- mysql驱动-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.46</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mybatis驱动-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.9</version>
</dependency>
<!-- junit驱动-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.13.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
2.2、创建一个模块
- 编写mybatis的核心配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=GMT"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="123456"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/kuang/dao/UserMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
- 编写mybatis工具类
//SqlSessionFactory
public class MybatisUtils {
private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
static{
try {
//使用Mybatis第一步:获取sqlSessionFactory对象
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//既然有了 SqlSessionFactory,顾名思义,我们可以从中获得 SqlSession 的实例
//SqlSession 提供了在数据库执行 SQL 命令所需的所有方法
public static SqlSession getSqlSession(){
return sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
}
}
2.3、编写代码
- 实体类
//实体类
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private String pwd;
public User() {
}
public User(int id, String name, String pwd) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.pwd = pwd;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getPwd() {
return pwd;
}
public void setPwd(String pwd) {
this.pwd = pwd;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", pwd='" + pwd + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
- Dao接口
public interface UserDao {
List<User> getUserList();
}
- 接口实现类
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.kuang.dao.UserDao">
<select id="getUserList" resultType="com.kuang.pojo.User">
select * from mybatis.user;
</select>
</mapper>
2.4、测试
junit测试
public class UserDaoTest {
@Test
public void test(){
//diyibu:获取SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
//执行sql
UserDao userDao = sqlSession.getMapper(UserDao.class);
List<User> userList = userDao.getUserList();
for(User user: userList){
System.out.println(user);
}
//关闭SqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
}
3、CRUD
1.namespace
namespace中的包名要和Dao/mapper接口的包名一致
1.编写接口
public interface UserMapper {
//获取全部用户
List<User> getUserList();
//根据id查询用户
User getUserById(int id);
}
2.编写对应的mapper中的sql语句
<mapper namespace="com.kuang.dao.UserMapper">
<select id="getUserList" resultType="com.kuang.pojo.User">
select * from mybatis.user;
</select>
<select id="getUserById" resultType="com.kuang.pojo.User" parameterType="int">
select * from mybatis.user where id = #{id};
</select>
</mapper>
3.测试
public class UserDaoTest {
@Test
public void test(){
//diyibu:获取SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
try{
//执行sql:方式一:getMapper
UserMapper userDao = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
List<User> userList = userDao.getUserList();
System.out.println(userList);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//关闭SqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
//方式二:
// List<User> userList = sqlSession.selectList("com.kuang.dao.UserDao.getUserList");
// for(User user: userList){
// System.out.println(user);
// }
}
@Test
public void getUserById(){
//diyibu:获取SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User userById = mapper.getUserById(1);
System.out.println(userById);
sqlSession.close();
}
}
2.select
选择,查询语句
- id:就是对应的namespace中的方法名
- resultType:sql语句执行的返回值类型!
- parameterType:参数类型
3.insert
1.编写接口
//insert一个用户
int addUser(User user);
2.编写对应的mapper中的sql语句
<insert id="addUser" parameterType="com.kuang.pojo.User">
insert into mybatis.user (id,name,pwd) value(#{id},#{name},#{pwd});
</insert>
3.测试
@Test
public void addUser(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
mapper.addUser(new User(4,"admin4","123456"));
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}
4.update
1.编写接口
//修改用户
int updateUser(User user);
2.编写对应的mapper中的sql语句
<update id="updateUser" parameterType="com.kuang.pojo.User">
update mybatis.user set name= #{name},pwd=#{pwd} where id = #{id};
</update>
3.测试
@Test
public void updateUser(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
mapper.updateUser(new User(1,"admin5","12341515134"));
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}
5.delete
1.编写接口
//删除用户
int deleteUser(int id);
2.编写对应的mapper中的sql语句
<delete id="deleteUser" parameterType="int">
delete from mybatis.user where id = #{id};
</delete>
3.测试
@Test
public void deleteUser(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
mapper.deleteUser(1);
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}
注意
增删改查需要提交事务
Map传递对象,直接在sql语句中取得map的key键
对象传递参数,直接在sql中取得对象的属性
只有一个基本类型的参数的情况下,可以直接在aql中取
模糊查询
//模糊查找 List<User> getUserLike(String name);
<select id="getUserLike" parameterType="com.kuang.pojo.User" resultType="com.kuang.pojo.User"> select * from mybatis.user where name like "%"#{name}"%"; </select>
@Test public void getUserLike(){ SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession(); UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class); List<User> userList = mapper.getUserLike("李"); for(User user : userList){ System.out.println(user); } sqlSession.commit(); sqlSession.close(); }
4、配置
1.核心配置
mybatis-config.xml
configuration(配置) properties(属性) settings(设置) typeAliases(类型别名) typeHandlers(类型处理器) objectFactory(对象工厂) plugins(插件) environments(环境配置) environment(环境变量) transactionManager(事务管理器) dataSource(数据源) databaseIdProvider(数据库厂商标识) mappers(映射器)
2.属性properties
只能放在最上面
通过properties属性来实现引用配置文件
编写一个配置文件
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=GMT
username=root
paasword=123456
在核心配置文件中引入
<properties resource="db.properties">
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="123456"/>
</properties>
引入时可以写入属性
username和password两个属性,可以从外部引入,也可以在这里写,如果外部和内部都有,优先使用外部
3.类型别名typeAliases
这样就可以在使用全类名的时候只使用一个User
<typeAliases>
<typeAlias type="com.kuang.pojo.User" alias="User"/>
</typeAliases>
也可以指定一个包名,Mybatis会搜索下面的包名
默认是小写的类名,也可以用注解@Alias("name")来指定搜索的Bean名
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.kuang.pojo"/>
</typeAliases>
@Alias("user")
public class User(){
}
实体类少用第一个,多用第二个
5.解决属性名和字段名不一致的问题
resultMap属性
设置结果集映射
<resultMap id="UserMap" type="User">
<result column="id" property="id"/>
<result column="name" property="name"/>
<result column="pwd" property="pwd"/>
</resultMap>
<select id="getUserById" resultMap="UserMap" parameterType="int">
select * from mybatis.user where id = #{id};
</select>
- resultMap元素是MyBatis最强大的元素
- ResultMap的设计思想是,对于简单的语句根本不需要配置显示的结果映射,而对于复杂一点的语句,只需要描述它们的关系就行了。
6.日志
1.日志工厂
如果一个数据库操作,出现了异常,需要排错,日志可以实现
logImpl 使用MyBatis所用的日志的具体体现,未指定时自动查找
- SLF4J
- LOG4J(deprecated since 3.5.9) (重点)
- LOG4J2
- JDK_LOGGING
- COMMONS_LOGGING
- STDOUT_LOGGING (重点)
- NO_LOGGING
2.STDOUT_LOGGING 标准日志输出
<settings>
<setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>
</settings>
3.LOG4J
先导入maven包
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
新建log4j.properties配置文件
#将等级为DEBUG的日志信息输出到console和file这两个目的地,console和file的定义在下面的代码
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG,console,file
#控制台输出的相关设置
log4j.appender.console = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.console.Target = System.out
log4j.appender.console.Threshold=DEBUG
log4j.appender.console.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.console.layout.ConversionPattern=[%c]-%m%n
#文件输出的相关设置
log4j.appender.file = org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.file.File=./log/kuang.log
log4j.appender.file.MaxFileSize=10mb
log4j.appender.file.Threshold=DEBUG
log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=[%p][%d{yy-MM-dd}][%c]%m%n
#日志输出级别
log4j.logger.org.mybatis=DEBUG
log4j.logger.java.sql=DEBUG
log4j.logger.java.sql.Statement=DEBUG
log4j.logger.java.sql.ResultSet=DEBUG
log4j.logger.java.sql.PreparedStatement=DEBUG
7.分页
- 减少数据的处理两
使用Mybatis实现分页,核心SQL
1.接口
List<User> getUserByLimit(Map<String,Integer> map);
2.Mapper.xml
<select id="getUserByLimit" resultType="User" parameterType="map">
select * from mybatis.user limit #{startIndex},#{pageSize};
</select>
3.测试
@Test
public void getUserByLimit(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
HashMap<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<String,Integer>();
map.put("startIndex",0);
map.put("pageSize",2);
List<User> userByLimit = mapper.getUserByLimit(map);
for (User user : userByLimit) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}
8.使用注解开发
1.注解在接口实现
1@Select("select * from user")
List<User> getUsers();
2.需要造核心配置文件中绑定接口
<mappers>
<mapper class="com.kuang.dao.UserMapper"/>
</mappers>
3.查询
@Select("select * from user")
List<User> getUsers();
添加
@Insert("insert into user(id,name,pwd) values (#{id},#{name},#{pwd})")
int addUser(User user);
修改
@Update("update user set name=#{name},pwd=#{pwd} where id=#{id}")
int updateUser(User user);
删除
@Delete("delete from user where id=#{id}")
int deleteUser(@Param("id")int id);
9.Lombok
直接在pom配置文件里加入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.22</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
- @Data 添加无参构造、get、set、tostring、hashcode、equals
- @AllArgsconstructor 添加有参构造
- @NoArgsconstructor 添加无参构造
- @ToString 生成toString方法
- @Get 生成get方法
- @Set 生成set方法
在实体类上加注解
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private String pwd;
}
10.动态SQL
搭建环境
CREATE TABLE `blog`(
`id` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '博客id',
`title` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '博客标题',
`author` VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL COMMENT '博客作者',
`create_time` DATETIME NOT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
`views` INT(30) NOT NULL COMMENT '浏览量'
)ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
创建一个基础工程
1.导包
2.编写配置文件
3.编写实体类
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Blog {
private int id;
private String title;
private String author;
private Date create_time;
private int views;
}
4.编写实体类对应Mapper接口和Mapper.XML文件
5.编写IDutile类文件,用于获取随机的id值
IF
BlogMapper
List<Blog> queryBlogIF(Map map);
BlogMapper.xml
<select id="queryBlogIF" parameterType="map" resultType="blog">
select * from blog where 1=1
<if test="title!= null">
and title = #{title}
</if>
<if test="author!= null">
and author =#{author}
</if>
</select>
如果没有向map中传入title值和author值,则会查询出所有数据
若title不为空,则将and 条件追加到where 后面
author同理
choose(when,otherwise)
<select id="queryBlogChoose" parameterType="map" resultType="blog">
select * from blog
<where>
<choose>
<when test="title!=null">
title=#{title}
</when>
<when test="author!=null">
AND author=#{author}
</when>
<otherwise>
AND views=#{views}
</otherwise>
</choose>
</where>
</select>
trim(where,set)
- where
<select id="queryBlogIF" parameterType="map" resultType="blog">
select * from blog
<where>
<if test="title!= null">
and title = #{title}
</if>
<if test="author!= null">
and author =#{author}
</if>
</where>
</select>
- set
<update id="updateBlog" parameterType="map">
update blog
<set>
<if test="title!=null">
title=#{title},
</if>
<if test="author!=null">
author=#{author}
</if>
</set>
where id=#{id}
</update>
11.SQL片段
<sql id="if-title-author">
<if test="title !=null">
title=#{title}
</if>
<if test="author !=null">
author=#{author}
</if>
</sql>
<select id="queryBlogIF" parameterType="map" resultType="blog">
select * from blog
<where>
<include refid="if-title-author"></include>
</where>
</select>